Know the Hardware

All About the Hardware

A cluster is a collection of independent computers referred to as nodes that are tightly coupled together to provide scalable computing resources. It will have a central control node that you access to setup and start your jobs. The hardware you are using on a cluster system can be based on various types of processors from many companies. Most common are Intel based systems, AMD, IBM, or ARM. They may include GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) chips which provide vector calculation abilities. Each node will have some amount of memory (preferably a lot) local to it. Nodes may be grouped together into partitions that reflect the type of processor, presence of a GPU, amount of memory and other hardware/software specific attributes.

The nodes within the cluster will be interconnected with some form of high speed networking. This can be leveraged to create jobs that take advantage of a technique called message passing. Depending on the type of job you have, this technique could increase the speed of your calculations.

The amount of memory available on nodes can influence where you would like a job to run.

Useful Linux Hardware Information

Linux provides a great deal of information about the hardware. You can learn about CPUs, memory, PCI devices and other things.

CPU

To discover information about and the number of CPUs, examine the the contents of /proc/cpuinfo:

[mycomputer]$ less /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 60
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
stepping        : 3
microcode       : 0x27
cpu MHz         : 3626.178
cache size      : 8192 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 8
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 4
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 13
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clear flush_l1d
bugs            : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds
bogomips        : 7183.62
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
...

Much of this information is not important unless you are writing specific machine optimized code. An important thing to note is the number of cpu cores may be different than the number of processors listed. The number of cores is the important number.

Memory

To discover the amount of memory that a Linux machine has, you can use the free command:

[mycomputer]$ free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          7.7Gi       5.9Gi       293Mi       106Mi       1.5Gi       1.4Gi
Swap:         7.9Gi       4.9Gi       2.9Gi

PCI Devices

A quick way to learn what PCI devices are installed is by using the lspci command:

[mycomputer]$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 06)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor PCI Express x16 Controller (rev 06)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:16.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family KT Controller (rev 04)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection I217-LM (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d4)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 (rev d4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Q87 Express LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM107 [GeForce GTX 745] (rev a2)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0fbc (rev a1)
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Texas Instruments XIO2001 PCI Express-to-PCI Bridge